Roman Numeral Converter: Number to Roman Numerals
Enter a whole number from 1 to 3999 to see it written in Roman numerals.
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Formula
Take the largest value from this list that fits, write its symbol, subtract, and repeat: M 1000, CM 900, D 500, CD 400, C 100, XC 90, L 50, XL 40, X 10, IX 9, V 5, IV 4, I 1.
Worked example
1994 = 1000 (M) + 900 (CM) + 90 (XC) + 4 (IV) = MCMXCIV.
Frequently asked questions
How do Roman numerals work?
Seven letters carry values: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1000. Letters are added from largest to smallest, so 2024 is MM + XX + IV = MMXXIV.
Why does 4 become IV and not IIII?
Standard notation puts a smaller letter before a larger one to subtract: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900. So 1994 is M + CM + XC + IV = MCMXCIV.
Why does the calculator stop at 3999?
Standard Roman numerals have no repeated-M rule beyond three, so 3999 (MMMCMXCIX) is the largest. 4000 would need a symbol outside the basic seven letters.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The system had no zero, so the smallest number is 1 (I).